Usage of Hebrew within Latex 2e.
This is part of a documentation file, written by Boris Lavva,
creator of the Hebrew extension for Latex2e.
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The usage is simple, for example:
\documentclass[12pt,twoside]{book}
\usepackage[hebrew,english,russian,danish,greek,...]{babel}
LaTeX 2.09 style is also supported (in compatibility mode) to process
existing documents, for example:
\documentstyle[12pt,hebrew_newcode]{article}
Languages can be switched by the following macros:
1. \sethebrew or \unsethebrew
2. \selectlanguage{hebrew}, \selectlanguage{english}, etc.
3. \begin{otherlanguage}{hebrew} ... \end{otherlanguage}, or any other
language
4. \R{hebrew text} inside the latin text
5. \L{latin text} inside the hebrew text
First three commands are equivalent: first one provides switching interface,
compatible with LaTeX 2.09 hebrew style, while second and third ---
babel-based interface.
Last two commands are used for language and direction switching inside
paragraph.
hmbox and embox macros should be used for inserting Hebrew and English text
(respectively) inside a mathematical formula.
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Input code pages
Hebrew package supports the following input code pages:
1. 7-bit hebrew encoding, also known as old code, defined by Israeli
Standard 960 (si960)
2. IBM PC code page also known as pc code (cp862)
3. WINDOWS code page also known as new code (cp1255)
4. ISO 8859-8 Hebrew/Latin code page commonly used in UNIX, also known as
new code (8859-8 also known as new code)
The default input encoding can be set using option defined above in
parentheses with inputenc style (but *before* babel), for example :
\usepackage[cp1255]{inputenc}
Input encoding can be changed also inside the document by the \inputencoding
command, for example:
\inputencoding{cp862}
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Font encodings
Various font encodings can be used, including, of course, Local Hebrew
Encoding (LHE), with the aid of fontenc style (but *before* babel), for
example:
\usepackage[LHE,OT2,LCY,T1]{fontenc}
Many useful font-switching commands are provided in hebfont package which
can be included *after* the babel:
\usepackage{hebfont}
These commands are in format \text<font>{Hebrew text}, for example:
\textoj{Text printed with Old Jaffa font}, \textredis{Text printed with
redis font}.
In addition, for backward compatibility in LaTeX 2.09 documents, the four
old font-switching commands are supported:
{\jm ...}, {\oj ...}, {\ds ...} and {\ta ...} for Jerusalem, Old Jaffa, Dead
Sea and Tel-Aviv fonts respectively.
The following TeX fonts are supported:
* Jerusalem (used as default font)
* Dead Sea (used as bold font)
* Tel-Aviv (used as sans-serif or typewriter font)
* Old Jaffa (used as italic or slanted font and for emphasize)
* Hebrew classic normal and slanted (command \textclas)
* Shalom Old Style (command \textshold)
* Shalom Script (command \textshscr)
* Shalom Stick (command \textshstk)
* Carmel normal and slanted (command \textcrml)
* Frank Ruehl normal, bold and slanted (command \textfr)
* Redis normal, bold and slanted (command \textredis)
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Bi-directional sectioning commands
These commands inserts both Hebrew title to the RL table of contents or list
of figures/tables, and English (or other LR language) title to the LR table
of contents or list of figures/tables.
1. \bpart{hebrew}{english}
2. \bchapter{hebrew}{english}
3. \bsection{hebrew}{english}
4. \bsubsection{hebrew}{english}
5. \bsubsubsection{hebrew}{english}
6. \bcaption{hebrew}{english}
7. \bchapternn{hebrew}{english} - replaces \chapter*
8. \bsectionnn{hebrew}{english} - replaces \section*
A number of additional bi-directional commands are defined in the
hebtech.cls - thesis document class file, described below.
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Table of contents, List of figures, List of tables
Both Right-to-Left and Left-to-Right versions of the tables (toc, lof and
lot) can be generated simultaneously. The LR files have the default
extensions (.toc, .lof and .lot), while the RL files have reversed
extensions (.cot, .fol and .tol). For example, to include RL tables at the
beginning and LR tables before the end of the document:
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\begin{document}
\sethebrew
\tableofcontents % Generates .cot file
\listoffigures % Generates .fol file
\listoftables % Generates .tol file
...
\unsethebrew
\tableofcontents % Generates .toc file
\listoffigures % Generates .lof file
\listoftables % Generates .lot file
\end{document}
------------------------------------
All 6 files are generated simultaneously in two latex passes !
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Hebrew calendar
Original Hebrew calendar style was created by Michail Rozman, and corrected
by Rama Porrat, Michail Rozman and Dan Haran.
This style was adjusted to LaTeX 2e by Boris Lavva, and provided in hebcal
package. It can be included *after* the babel:
\usepackage{hebcal}
The following 2 user-level commands are provided with the package:
\newcount\hd \newcount\hm \newcount\hy
\hd=10 \hm=3 \hy=1992
\HebrewDate{\hd}{\hm}{\hy}
which converts the requested Gregorian date to Hebrew calendar date and
prints it in Hebrew or English (depends on the current language) and:
\HebrewToday or \hebrewtoday
which prints the current Hebrew date (today) .
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Document class for preparing Hebrew/English or English/Hebrew thesis
A useful document class file hebtech for preparing M.Sc. and Ph.D. theses
for the Technion (English/Hebrew and Hebrew/English) is included with this
package too. I believe that it can be adjusted for the needs of other
academic institutions in Israel too. This class automatically includes babel
with hebrew and english option, hebfont and hebcal packages.
The original version for LaTeX 2.09 and old code Hebrew was created in 1994
by Irina Abramovici, at Taub Computer Center, Technion.
How to use this document class?
\documentclass[12pt]{hebtech}
The following parameters should be included in thesis preamble (before
\begin{document}):
1. Thesis title
\title{hebrew}{english}
2. Thesis author
\author{hebrew}{english}
3. Department name, e.g. Electrical Engineering Department
\dept{hebrew}{english}
4. Domain of research, e.g. Food Processing
\dom{hebrew}{english}
5. Main advisor
\advisori{hebrew}{english}
6. Second advisor, if exists
\advisorii{hebrew}{english}
7. Main sponsor
\donori{hebrew}{english}
8. Additional sponsor, if exists
\donorii{hebrew}{english}
9. Set thestype counter to:
o 1 --- for a research thesis
o 2 --- for a project thesis
o 3 --- for a final paper
\setcounter{thestype}{1}
10. Set grade counter to:
o 1 --- for master of science
o 2 --- for master
o 3 --- for master of technology
o 4 --- for doctor of science
\setcounter{grade}{1}
11. Date is optional, if not included, today's date will be used. The
Gregorian date entered will be printed and get converted the Jewish
date.
\date{28}{2}{1998}
12. Page style is optional too, if not included, plain will be used.
\pagestyle{thesis}
In the main document the following additional commands and environments can
be used:
1. \makecover - creates Hebrew or English cover page, depending on the
current language.
2. \maketitle - creates Hebrew or English title page, depending on the
current language.
3. \begin{acknowledgment} ... \end{acknowledgment} - builds the
acknowledgment page and adds inserted customized acknowledgment in
Hebrew or English, depending on the current language.
4. \begin{dedication} ... \end{dedication} - builds the dedication page in
Hebrew or English, depending on the current language.
5. \tableofcontents, \listoffigures, \listoftables - builds tables
depending on the current language (all 6 tables can be used
simultaneously).
6. \begin{abstract} ... \end{abstract} - builds the abstract pages in
Hebrew or English, depending on the current language, adds contents
line to the 2 tables of contents.
7. \frontmatter, \mainmatter, \backmatter - should be inserted at the
beginning, before the main part, and at the ending of the thesis to
change numbering and other style parameters.
8. \bibliography{...} - now adds "References" line to the 2 tables of
contents: English and Hebrew.
Some useful bi-directional commands, for figures and tables provided in this
file too:
1. \bcaptionf{hebrew}{english} - similar to \bcaption but answers to
thesis formatting requirements at the Technion, used for figures.
2. \bcaptionff{to RL lof}{to LR lof}{hebrew}{english} - a customized one
for figures.
3. \bcaptiont{hebrew}{english} - similar to \bcaption but answers to
thesis formatting requirements at the Technion, used for tables.
4. \bcaptiontt{to RL lot}{to LR lot}{hebrew}{english} - a customized one
for tables.
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Compatibility with LaTeX 2.09 style
Generally, the new package is compatible with LaTeX 2.09 style file
hebrew.sty, i.e. in most cases one can use the new package on old documents
without any errors. Howver, it does not support Plain TeX, please use
heb_macros.tex, or other TeX macro file for Hebrew instead.
A few incompatibilities are described below:
* The macros with Hebrew names are not provided, for example, macro
\hadgesh when the command name "hadgesh" is given in Hebrew is not
supported. The reason is that in new LaTeX 2e it is forbidden to use
8-bit macros, because all characters 128-255 became to be "active".
However, the following English-coded equivalents are supported for
backward compatibility with LaTeX 2.09 style and can be used even in
the new documents:
1. \hebday (replaced "hayom").
2. \hebcopy (for use in letter style)
3. \hebincl (for use in letter style)
4. \hebpage (for use in letter style)
5. \hebto (for use in letter style)
6. \hadgesh (produces ``poor man's bold'' - heavy printout, it is
advisable to use real bold fonts, e.g. DeadSea instead)
7. \piska (can be used only in compatibility mode)
8. \piskapiska (can be used only in compatibility mode)
9. \makafgadol (=\textendash)
10. \makafanak (=\textemdash)
11. \geresh (=\textquoteright)
12. \opengeresh (=\textquoteright)
13. \closegeresh (=\textquoteleft)
14. \openquote (=\textquotedblright)
15. \closequote (=\textquotedblleft)
16. \leftquotation (=\textquotedblright)
17. \rightquotation (=\textquotedblleft)
18. \undertext (=\underline, can be used only in compatibility mode)
* In \documentstyle line the following 3 styles can be used in Hebrew
documents:
1. \documentstyle[hebrew_oldcode,...]{...} in old 7-bit documents
(instead of "hebrew"!).
2. \documentstyle[hebrew_newcode,...]{...} in 8-bit UNIX or Windows
documents.
3. \documentstyle[hebrew_p,...]{...} in 8-bit DOS documents.
* hebcal style should always be used (instead of older hebcal_p and
hebcal_newcode).
* Font names for the included 7-bit fonts were renamed (for the sake of
multiplatform support) to lowercase names with no more than 8
characters as following:
o jerus10.mf - for Jerusalem (10pt)
o deads10.mf - for Dead Sea (10pt)
o telav10.mf - for TelAviv (10pt)
o oldjaf10.mf - for Old Jaffa (10pt)
o shold10.mf - for Shalom Old Style (10pt)
o shscr10.mf - for Shalom Script (10pt)
o shstk10.mf - for Shalom Stick (10pt)
o Some other font-related files were renamed too (to lowercase and <
8 characters):
+ frank_ruehl.mf became frruehl.mf
+ redisfont.mf became redisfnt.mf
+ redisbx10.mf became redisb10.mf
o All other font names remain unchanged